πΊπΈ The School Violence Process in Korea: From Reporting to Deliberation and Measures
Understanding the nature of the School Violence Measure Deliberation Committee, its deliberation process, and the aftermath of a decision can significantly reduce unnecessary anxiety. While many parents believe everything is decided on the day of the hearing, the caseβs direction is often shaped well before that stage, and the process continues even after a ruling is made.
This guide outlines the end-to-end flow of school violence cases in Korea to assist parents navigating this challenging journey.
νκ΅μ νκ΅νλ ₯λμ± μ¬μμμν(ννμ)κ° μ΄λ€ 기ꡬμΈμ§, μ¬μλ μ΄λ»κ² μ§νλλμ§, μ‘°μΉ κ²°μ μ΄νμλ 무μμ΄ μ΄μ΄μ§λμ§λ₯Ό 미리 μκ³ μμΌλ©΄ λΆνμν λΆμκ³Ό κ±±μ μ΄ ν¬κ² μ€μ΄λλλ€. λ§μ νλΆλͺ¨λλ€μ΄ ννμμμ λͺ¨λ κ² κ²°μ λλ€κ³ μκ°νμμ§λ§, μ€μ λ‘λ κ·Έ μ΄μ λ¨κ³λΆν° μ΄λ―Έ μ¬μμ λ°©ν₯μ΄ μλΉ λΆλΆ μ 리λκ³ , ννμ μ΄νμλ μ μ°¨λ κ³μ μ΄μ΄μ§λλ€.
μ΄ κΈμμ νκ΅νλ ₯μ΄ λ°μν΄μ μ μ°¨κ° μμλλ μμ λΆν° ννμ μ¬μ, μ‘°μΉ κ²°μ μ΄νκΉμ§μ μ 체 νλ¦μ μ 리νμ΅λλ€. μλ λ₯Ό νκ΅ νκ΅μ 보λ΄κ³ κ³μ νλΆλͺ¨λλ€κ» λμμ΄ λκΈ°λ₯Ό λ°λλλ€.
1. Triggering the Process: Reporting and Official Awareness
The formal procedure does not wait for guilt to be established; it begins the moment a school becomes "aware" of a suspected incident. This can be triggered by a formal report from a victim, a teacherβs observation, or a tip from a third party.
Once aware, the school principal is legally obligated to initiate an investigation and implement immediate protective measures. Even before a committee meets, urgent actions such as separating the involved students or providing counseling can be taken.
1. νν μ μ°¨μ μμ: μ κ³ , νκ΅μ μΈμ§
νκ΅νλ ₯ μ μ°¨λ κ°ν΄Β·νΌν΄κ° νμ λ λ€μ μμλλ κ²μ΄ μλλλ€. νΌν΄ νμμ΄λ 보νΈμμ μ κ³ λΏ μλλΌ κ΅μ¬μ λͺ©κ²©, μλ΄ κ³Όμ μμμ μΈμ§, μ 3μμ μ 보 λ± νκ΅κ° νκ΅νλ ₯μΌλ‘ μμ¬λλ μ¬μμ μΈμ§νλ μκ°λΆν° μ μ°¨κ° μμλ©λλ€.
νκ΅μ₯μ΄ μ¬μμ μΈμ§νλ©΄ μ΄λ₯Ό λ΄λΆμ μΌλ‘ μ 리νκ±°λ 미루λ κ²μ νμ©λμ§ μκ³ , μ ν΄μ§ μ μ°¨μ λ°λΌ μ‘°μ¬μ μ΄κΈ° λ³΄νΈ μ‘°μΉλ₯Ό λ³νν΄μΌλ§ ν©λλ€. ννμκ° μ΄λ¦¬κΈ° μ μλ κ°ν΄Β·νΌν΄ νμ λΆλ¦¬, μλ΄ μ°κ³ λ± κΈ΄κΈ λ³΄νΈ μ‘°μΉλ μΆ©λΆν μ΄λ£¨μ΄μ§ μ μμ΅λλ€.
2. The Critical Foundation: Investigation by the Dedicated Response Team
Once aware, the schoolβs internal School Violence Response Team immediately begins an investigation. This stage is more than a simple fact-check; it forms the foundation for the upcoming committee deliberation. The team documents the timeline, circumstances, and witness statements while making an initial assessment of whether the incident constitutes school violence.
It is crucial to realize that the key issues and the eventual direction of the ruling are often determined during this investigative phase. A fragmented or out-of-context investigation can lead to significant disadvantages during the formal hearing.
2. ννμ μ ν΅μ¬ λ¨κ³: μ λ΄κΈ°κ΅¬ μ‘°μ¬
νκ΅κ° μ¬μμ μΈμ§νλ©΄, νκ΅ λ΄λΆμ νκ΅νλ ₯ μ λ΄κΈ°κ΅¬μμ κ³§λ°λ‘ μ‘°μ¬λ₯Ό μ§νν©λλ€. μ΄ λ¨κ³λ μ¬μ€ νμΈμ λμ΄μ, μ΄ν ννμ μ¬μμ ν λκ° λλ ν΅μ¬ κ³Όμ μ λλ€. μ¬κ±΄μ λ°μ μμ κ³Ό κ²½μ, κ΄λ ¨ νμκ³Ό λͺ©κ²©μ, μ΄κΈ° μ‘°μΉμ μλ΄ κΈ°λ‘ λ±μ μ 리νκ³ , ν΄λΉ μ¬μμ΄ νκ΅νλ ₯μ ν΄λΉνλμ§μ λν 1μ°¨ νλ¨λ μ΄λ£¨μ΄μ§λλ€.
μ€μν μ μ ννμμμ 무μμ΄ μμ μ΄ λ μ§, μ΄λ€ λ°©ν₯μΌλ‘ νλ¨μ΄ μ΄μ΄μ§μ§κ° μ΄λ―Έ μ΄ μ‘°μ¬ λ¨κ³μμ μλΉ λΆλΆ μ 리λλ€λ κ²μ λλ€. μ‘°μ¬ λ΄μ©μ΄ λ¨νΈμ μ΄κ±°λ λ§₯λ½ μμ΄ κ΅¬μ±λλ©΄, μ΄ν μ¬μμμλ κ·Έ νκ³κ° κ·Έλλ‘ λλ¬λ μ μμ΅λλ€.
3. School-Level Resolution vs. Referral to the Committee
Following the investigation, the school decides whether to resolve the matter internally through "School Principal's Internal Resolution" or refer it to the district-level Committee. Internal resolution is only an option for minor, non-persistent incidents without retaliation, and it requires the explicit consent of the victim and their guardians.
This decision is a pivotal moment for parents. If a case is prematurely classified as "minor" without a thorough investigation, victims may feel a sense of injustice, while perpetrators may face the risk of the issue resurfacing later.
3. νκ΅μ₯ μ체 ν΄κ²° vs ννμ νλΆ
μ λ΄κΈ°κ΅¬ μ‘°μ¬κ° λλλ©΄ νκ΅λ ν΄λΉ μ¬μμ νκ΅μ₯ μ체 ν΄κ²°λ‘ μ’ κ²°ν μ§, κ΅μ‘μ§μμ²μ ννμλ‘ νλΆν μ§λ₯Ό νλ¨ν©λλ€. νκ΅μ₯ μ체 ν΄κ²°μ΄ κ°λ₯νλ €λ©΄ μ¬μμ΄ κ²½λ―Ένκ³ , μ§μμ μ΄μ§ μμμΌλ©°, λ³΄λ³΅μ± νμκ° μμ΄μΌνλ©°, νΌν΄ νμκ³Ό 보νΈμμ λμκ° νμν©λλ€.
μ΄ λ¨κ³μ νλ¨μ ννμ κ°μ΅ μ¬λΆλ₯Ό κ²°μ ν λΏ μλλΌ, μ΄ν μ μ°¨ μ§νμλ μ§μ μ μΈ μν₯μ λ―ΈμΉκΈ° λλ¬Έμ, νλΆλͺ¨ μ μ₯μμλ νΉν μ μ€νκ² μ΄ν΄λ³Ό νμκ° μμ΅λλ€. μ¬μμ΄ μΆ©λΆν μ 리λμ§ μμ μ±λ‘ βκ²½λ―Έν μ¬μβμΌλ‘ λΆλ₯λλ©΄, νΌν΄νμ μΈ‘μμλ μ΅μΈν¨μ΄ λ¨κ²λκ³ , κ°ν΄νμ μΈ‘μμλ λ¬Έμ κ° λ€μ λΆκ±°μ§ κ°λ₯μ±μ μκ³ κ°μΌ νκΈ° λλ¬Έμ λλ€.
4. The Nature of the Committee: An Administrative Hearing, Not a School Meeting
If internal resolution is not feasible, the case is transferred to the District Office of Education for a formal hearing. Unlike internal school meetings, the School Violence Measure Deliberation Committee is an official administrative body.
It is composed of experts, including lawyers, police officers, doctors, and psychological counselors. To ensure impartiality, members with conflicts of interest are recused from the case. Furthermore, while school staff (teachers or administrators) are not required to attend, they may provide statements if the committee deems their input necessary.
4. ννμμ μ±κ²©: νκ΅ νμκ° μλ νμ μ¬μ
μ체 ν΄κ²°μ΄ μ΄λ ΅λ€κ³ νλ¨λλ©΄ μ¬κ±΄μ κ΅μ‘μ§μμ²μΌλ‘ μ΄κ΄λκ³ , ννμ κ°μ΅ μ μ°¨κ° λ³Έκ²©μ μΌλ‘ μ§νλ©λλ€. ννμλ ννμ λ΄κΈ°κ΅¬μ λ¬λ¦¬ νκ΅κ° μ£Όκ΄νλ νμ μ λκ° μλλΌ, κ΅μ‘μ§μμ²μ μ€μΉλ 곡μμ μΈ νμ μ¬μμμνμ λλ€.
νκ΅νλ ₯μ¬μμμνλ νλΆλͺ¨ μμμ ν¬ν¨ν΄ λ³νΈμ¬, κ²½μ°°, μμ¬, μλ΄Β·μ¬λ¦¬ μ λ¬Έκ° λ± λ€μν λΆμΌμ μ λ¬Έκ°λ€λ‘ ꡬμ±λλ©°, μ¬κ±΄ λΉμ¬μμ μ΄ν΄κ΄κ³κ° μλ μμμ λ°°μ λλ μ μ²Β·κΈ°νΌΒ·ννΌ μ λλ λ§λ ¨λΌ μμ΅λλ€. λ ννμμ νκ΅μΈ‘ κ΄κ³μ μΆμμ΄ νμλ μλκ³ , νκ΅ μΈ‘ κ΄κ³μ(κ΅μ, κ΄λ¦¬μ λ±)λ μ¬μμμνκ° νμνλ€κ³ μΈμ νλ κ²½μ° μ견μ μ§μ ν μ μκ² λμ΄μμ΅λλ€.
5. What to Expect on the Day of the Deliberation
The deliberation follows a strict protocol: statements from the victim (and guardians), followed by the perpetrator (and guardians), committee questioning, and private internal deliberation. Statements should focus on factual accuracy and timelines rather than purely emotional appeals. The committeeβs questions are designed to grasp the full context, persistence, and impact on the students involved. While the previously submitted investigation records form the basis of the decision, new evidence or arguments can be presented on the dayβa process we highly recommend preparing for with professional legal counsel.
5. ννμ μ¬μ λΉμΌ μ§ν νλ¦
ννμ λΉμΌ μ¬μλ μμ ν λ‘ μ΄ μλλΌ μ ν΄μ§ μμμ λ°λΌ μ§νλ©λλ€. νΌν΄ νμ(λλ 보νΈμ) μ§μ , κ°ν΄ νμ(λλ 보νΈμ) μ§μ , μμ μ§μ, λ΄λΆ μ¬μ λ±μ μμλ‘ μ΄μ΄μ§λλ€. μ§μ κ³Όμ μμλ κ°μ μ νΈμλ³΄λ€ μ¬κ±΄μ κ²½κ³Όμ μ¬μ€κ΄κ³κ° μ€μ¬μ΄ λκ³ , μμλ€μ μ§λ¬Έ μμ λ¨νΈμ μΈ μ¬μ€ νμΈμ΄ μλλΌ μ¬κ±΄μ λ§₯λ½κ³Ό λ°λ³΅μ±, νμμκ² λ―ΈμΉ μν₯μ μ’ ν©μ μΌλ‘ νμ νλ λ°©ν₯μΌλ‘ μ΄λ£¨μ΄μ§λλ€. μ΄λ―Έ μ μΆλ μ‘°μ¬ μλ£μ μ§μ λ΄μ©μ΄ ν΅μ¬ νλ¨ κ·Όκ±°κ° λκΈ° λλ¬Έμ ννμ μ μ μΌκ΄μ±μ κ°μ§κ³ μ 리νλ λ΄μ©μ μ΄ννλ κ²μ΄ μ’κ² μ§λ§, νμν κ²½μ° ννμ λΉμΌ μλ‘μ΄ μ£Όμ₯μ΄λ μ¦κ±°λ₯Ό μ μνλ κ²λ κ°λ₯ν©λλ€. μ΄ κ²½μ° μ λ¬Έκ°μ μμνμ¬ μ€λΉνκ³ μ§ννμκΈ°λ₯Ό κΆν©λλ€.
6. Post-Decision Procedures and Appeals
After deliberation, the committee determines specific protective measures for the victim and punitive/educational measures for the perpetrator. The decision is based on a comprehensive evaluation of:
Severity: The nature and intensity of the act.
Persistence: Whether the behavior was repetitive.
Intentionality: The degree of premeditation.
Remorse: The perpetratorβs attitude following the incident.
Reconciliation: The possibility of recovery and status of apologies.
The final decision is delivered in writing. The school is legally bound to implement these measures, while the District Office oversees compliance. If you disagree with the outcome, you can pursue further legal remedies through administrative appeals or litigation. The committee ruling is not necessarily the end; it is often the baseline for subsequent legal actions.
6. ννμ μ‘°μΉ κ²°μ μ΄ν μ μ°¨
μ¬μκ° λλλ©΄ ννμλ νΌν΄ νμ λ³΄νΈ μ‘°μΉμ κ°ν΄ νμ μ‘°μΉλ₯Ό κ°κ° κ²°μ ν©λλ€. μ΄λ νμμ μ¬κ°μ±, λ°λ³΅μ±, κ³ μμ±, λ°μ± μ λ, νν΄ κ°λ₯μ± λ± μ¬λ¬ μμκ° μ’ ν©μ μΌλ‘ κ³ λ €λ©λλ€.
μ¬κ°μ±: νμμ λ΄μ©κ³Ό μ λ
μ§μμ±: λ°λ³΅μ±Β·μ§μμ± μ¬λΆ
κ³ μμ±
λ°μ± μ λ: κ°ν΄ νμμ μ¬ν νλ
νν΄ μ λ: ν볡 κ°λ₯μ±, νΌν΄μμμ νν΄ μ¬λΆ
μ΅μ’ κ²°μ μ μλ©΄μΌλ‘ ν΅λ³΄λλ©°, νκ΅μ₯μ μ΄λ₯Ό μ΄νν μλ¬΄κ° μκ³ κ΅μ‘μ§μμ²μ μ΄ν μ¬λΆλ₯Ό κ΄λ¦¬Β·κ°λ ν©λλ€. λ§μ½ μ΄ μ‘°μΉ κ²°κ³Όμ μ΄μκ° μλ€λ©΄ μ¬μ¬, νμ μ¬ν, νμ μμ‘μΌλ‘ μ΄μ΄κ° μ μμ΅λλ€. ννμλ λͺ¨λ κ²μ λλ΄λ μ μ°¨κ° μλ, μ΄ν μ μ°¨μ κΈ°μ€μ μ΄ λλ μ μ°¨μ λλ€.
7. Outcome Success Depends on Your Current Strategy
A committeeβs ruling is not decided by a single comment on the day of the hearing. It is the culmination of the evidence gathered and how effectively the key issues have been framed. While past procedural steps cannot be undone, you can still strategically design the future flow to prevent further disadvantage.
At the School Violence Center of SugarSquare Law & Advisors, our attorneysβwho have served as members of these very deliberation committeesβprovide direct consultations to identify critical points for your case. If the process feels overwhelming, we invite you to begin by methodically assessing what can be done at this very moment.
πΊπΈ Realistic Q&A for Parents of Alleged Perpetrators Afraid of the School Violence Committee
πΊπΈ Essential Q&A for Parents of School Violence Victims: Strategies to Protect Your Child
7. ννμ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό μ’μ°νλ 건 βμ§κΈ λ¨κ³μμμ λμβ
ννμ κ²°κ³Όλ μ¬μ λΉμΌμ λ§ νλ§λλ‘ μ’μ§μ°μ§λμ§ μκ³ , μ§κΈκΉμ§ μ΄λ€ μ‘°μ¬ μλ£κ° μμλμ§, μμ μ΄ μ΄λ»κ² μ λ¦¬λΌ μλμ§, κ·Έλ¦¬κ³ μ§κΈ λ¨κ³μμ 무μμ μ κ²νκ³ λ³΄μνλλμ λ°λΌ λ¬λΌμ§λλ€. μ΄λ―Έ μ§λκ° μ μ°¨λ₯Ό λλ릴 μλ μμ§λ§, μ΄ν νλ¦μ λ λΆλ¦¬νμ§ μκ² μ€κ³νλ κ²μ μΆ©λΆν κ°λ₯ν©λλ€.
λ²λ¬΄λ²μΈ μκ°μ€νμ΄ ννμ λ΄μΌν°λ νκ΅νλ ₯λμ± μ¬μμμν μμ κ²½νμ κ°μ§ λ³νΈμ¬λ€μ΄ μ§μ μλ΄μ μ°Έμ¬ν΄, νμ¬ λ¨κ³μμ κΌ νμΈν΄μΌ ν ν΅μ¬μ ν¨κ» μ 리ν©λλ€. νν μ μ°¨ μμμ λ§λ§ν¨μ λλΌκ³ κ³μλ€λ©΄, μ§κΈ μ΄ λ¨κ³μμ ν μ μλ κ²λΆν° μ°¨λΆν μ κ²ν΄λ³΄μ λ μ’κ² μ΅λλ€.
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