πŸ‡ΊπŸ‡Έ The School Violence Process in Korea: From Reporting to Deliberation and Measures

Understanding the workflow of school violence cases in Korea. This guide outlines the entire procedure, from the moment a school becomes aware of an incident to the investigation, committee deliberation, and final measures.
πŸ‡ΊπŸ‡Έ The School Violence Process in Korea: From Reporting to Deliberation and Measures

Understanding the nature of the School Violence Measure Deliberation Committee, its deliberation process, and the aftermath of a decision can significantly reduce unnecessary anxiety. While many parents believe everything is decided on the day of the hearing, the case’s direction is often shaped well before that stage, and the process continues even after a ruling is made.

This guide outlines the end-to-end flow of school violence cases in Korea to assist parents navigating this challenging journey.

ν•œκ΅­μ˜ 학ꡐ폭λ ₯λŒ€μ±…μ‹¬μ˜μœ„μ›νšŒ(ν•™ν­μœ„)κ°€ μ–΄λ–€ 기ꡬ인지, μ‹¬μ˜λŠ” μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ§„ν–‰λ˜λŠ”μ§€, 쑰치 κ²°μ • μ΄ν›„μ—λŠ” 무엇이 μ΄μ–΄μ§€λŠ”μ§€λ₯Ό 미리 μ•Œκ³  있으면 λΆˆν•„μš”ν•œ λΆˆμ•ˆκ³Ό 걱정이 크게 μ€„μ–΄λ“­λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ§Žμ€ ν•™λΆ€λͺ¨λ‹˜λ“€μ΄ ν•™ν­μœ„μ—μ„œ λͺ¨λ“  게 κ²°μ •λœλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•˜μ‹œμ§€λ§Œ, μ‹€μ œλ‘œλŠ” κ·Έ 이전 단계뢀터 이미 μ‚¬μ•ˆμ˜ λ°©ν–₯이 상당 λΆ€λΆ„ μ •λ¦¬λ˜κ³ , ν•™ν­μœ„ 이후에도 μ ˆμ°¨λŠ” 계속 μ΄μ–΄μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.

이 κΈ€μ—μ„œ 학ꡐ폭λ ₯이 λ°œμƒν•΄μ„œ μ ˆμ°¨κ°€ μ‹œμž‘λ˜λŠ” μ‹œμ λΆ€ν„° ν•™ν­μœ„ μ‹¬μ˜, 쑰치 κ²°μ • μ΄ν›„κΉŒμ§€μ˜ 전체 흐름을 μ •λ¦¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μžλ…€λ₯Ό ν•œκ΅­ 학ꡐ에 보내고 계신 ν•™λΆ€λͺ¨λ‹˜λ“€κ»˜ 도움이 되기λ₯Ό λ°”λžλ‹ˆλ‹€.

πŸ‘‰Understanding Korea’s School Violence System For International-background Families in Korea ν•œκ΅­μ˜ 학ꡐ폭λ ₯ μ œλ„ μ΄ν•΄ν•˜κΈ°


1. Triggering the Process: Reporting and Official Awareness

The formal procedure does not wait for guilt to be established; it begins the moment a school becomes "aware" of a suspected incident. This can be triggered by a formal report from a victim, a teacher’s observation, or a tip from a third party.

Once aware, the school principal is legally obligated to initiate an investigation and implement immediate protective measures. Even before a committee meets, urgent actions such as separating the involved students or providing counseling can be taken.

1. 학폭 절차의 μ‹œμž‘: μ‹ κ³ , ν•™κ΅μ˜ 인지

학ꡐ폭λ ₯ μ ˆμ°¨λŠ” κ°€ν•΄Β·ν”Όν•΄κ°€ ν™•μ •λœ 뒀에 μ‹œμž‘λ˜λŠ” 것이 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€. ν”Όν•΄ ν•™μƒμ΄λ‚˜ 보호자의 신고뿐 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ κ΅μ‚¬μ˜ λͺ©κ²©, 상담 κ³Όμ •μ—μ„œμ˜ 인지, 제3자의 제보 λ“± 학ꡐ가 학ꡐ폭λ ₯으둜 μ˜μ‹¬λ˜λŠ” μ‚¬μ•ˆμ„ μΈμ§€ν•˜λŠ” μˆœκ°„λΆ€ν„° μ ˆμ°¨κ°€ μ‹œμž‘λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

학ꡐμž₯이 μ‚¬μ•ˆμ„ μΈμ§€ν•˜λ©΄ 이λ₯Ό λ‚΄λΆ€μ μœΌλ‘œ μ •λ¦¬ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜ λ―Έλ£¨λŠ” 것은 ν—ˆμš©λ˜μ§€ μ•Šκ³ , μ •ν•΄μ§„ μ ˆμ°¨μ— 따라 쑰사와 초기 보호 쑰치λ₯Ό λ³‘ν–‰ν•΄μ•Όλ§Œ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. ν•™ν­μœ„κ°€ 열리기 전에도 κ°€ν•΄Β·ν”Όν•΄ 학생 뢄리, 상담 연계 λ“± κΈ΄κΈ‰ 보호 μ‘°μΉ˜λŠ” μΆ©λΆ„νžˆ μ΄λ£¨μ–΄μ§ˆ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.

2. The Critical Foundation: Investigation by the Dedicated Response Team

Once aware, the school’s internal School Violence Response Team immediately begins an investigation. This stage is more than a simple fact-check; it forms the foundation for the upcoming committee deliberation. The team documents the timeline, circumstances, and witness statements while making an initial assessment of whether the incident constitutes school violence.

It is crucial to realize that the key issues and the eventual direction of the ruling are often determined during this investigative phase. A fragmented or out-of-context investigation can lead to significant disadvantages during the formal hearing.

2. ν•™ν­μœ„ μ „ 핡심 단계: 전담기ꡬ 쑰사

학ꡐ가 μ‚¬μ•ˆμ„ μΈμ§€ν•˜λ©΄, 학ꡐ λ‚΄λΆ€μ˜ 학ꡐ폭λ ₯ μ „λ‹΄κΈ°κ΅¬μ—μ„œ κ³§λ°”λ‘œ 쑰사λ₯Ό μ§„ν–‰ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 이 λ‹¨κ³„λŠ” 사싀 확인을 λ„˜μ–΄μ„œ, 이후 ν•™ν­μœ„ μ‹¬μ˜μ˜ ν† λŒ€κ°€ λ˜λŠ” 핡심 κ³Όμ •μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ‚¬κ±΄μ˜ λ°œμƒ μ‹œμ κ³Ό κ²½μœ„, κ΄€λ ¨ 학생과 λͺ©κ²©μž, 초기 μ‘°μΉ˜μ™€ 상담 기둝 등을 μ •λ¦¬ν•˜κ³ , ν•΄λ‹Ή μ‚¬μ•ˆμ΄ 학ꡐ폭λ ₯에 ν•΄λ‹Ήν•˜λŠ”μ§€μ— λŒ€ν•œ 1μ°¨ νŒλ‹¨λ„ μ΄λ£¨μ–΄μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.

μ€‘μš”ν•œ 점은 ν•™ν­μœ„μ—μ„œ 무엇이 쟁점이 될지, μ–΄λ–€ λ°©ν–₯으둜 νŒλ‹¨μ΄ μ΄μ–΄μ§ˆμ§€κ°€ 이미 이 쑰사 λ‹¨κ³„μ—μ„œ 상당 λΆ€λΆ„ μ •λ¦¬λœλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 쑰사 λ‚΄μš©μ΄ λ‹¨νŽΈμ μ΄κ±°λ‚˜ λ§₯락 없이 κ΅¬μ„±λ˜λ©΄, 이후 μ‹¬μ˜μ—μ„œλ„ κ·Έ ν•œκ³„κ°€ κ·ΈλŒ€λ‘œ λ“œλŸ¬λ‚  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.

3. School-Level Resolution vs. Referral to the Committee

Following the investigation, the school decides whether to resolve the matter internally through "School Principal's Internal Resolution" or refer it to the district-level Committee. Internal resolution is only an option for minor, non-persistent incidents without retaliation, and it requires the explicit consent of the victim and their guardians.

This decision is a pivotal moment for parents. If a case is prematurely classified as "minor" without a thorough investigation, victims may feel a sense of injustice, while perpetrators may face the risk of the issue resurfacing later.

3. 학ꡐμž₯ 자체 ν•΄κ²° vs ν•™ν­μœ„ νšŒλΆ€

전담기ꡬ 쑰사가 λλ‚˜λ©΄ ν•™κ΅λŠ” ν•΄λ‹Ή μ‚¬μ•ˆμ„ 학ꡐμž₯ 자체 ν•΄κ²°λ‘œ μ’…κ²°ν• μ§€, κ΅μœ‘μ§€μ›μ²­μ˜ ν•™ν­μœ„λ‘œ νšŒλΆ€ν• μ§€λ₯Ό νŒλ‹¨ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 학ꡐμž₯ 자체 해결이 κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜λ €λ©΄ μ‚¬μ•ˆμ΄ κ²½λ―Έν•˜κ³ , 지속적이지 μ•Šμ•˜μœΌλ©°, 보볡성 ν–‰μœ„κ°€ μ—†μ–΄μ•Όν•˜λ©°, ν”Όν•΄ 학생과 보호자의 λ™μ˜κ°€ ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

이 λ‹¨κ³„μ˜ νŒλ‹¨μ€ ν•™ν­μœ„ 개졜 μ—¬λΆ€λ₯Ό κ²°μ •ν•  뿐 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ, 이후 절차 진행에도 직접적인 영ν–₯을 미치기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ—, ν•™λΆ€λͺ¨ μž…μž₯μ—μ„œλŠ” 특히 μ‹ μ€‘ν•˜κ²Œ μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³Ό ν•„μš”κ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ‚¬μ•ˆμ΄ μΆ©λΆ„νžˆ μ •λ¦¬λ˜μ§€ μ•Šμ€ μ±„λ‘œ β€˜κ²½λ―Έν•œ μ‚¬μ•ˆβ€™μœΌλ‘œ λΆ„λ₯˜λ˜λ©΄, 피해학생 μΈ‘μ—μ„œλŠ” μ–΅μšΈν•¨μ΄ λ‚¨κ²Œλ˜κ³ , 가해학생 μΈ‘μ—μ„œλŠ” λ¬Έμ œκ°€ λ‹€μ‹œ 뢈거질 κ°€λŠ₯성을 μ•ˆκ³  κ°€μ•Ό ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.

4. The Nature of the Committee: An Administrative Hearing, Not a School Meeting

If internal resolution is not feasible, the case is transferred to the District Office of Education for a formal hearing. Unlike internal school meetings, the School Violence Measure Deliberation Committee is an official administrative body.

It is composed of experts, including lawyers, police officers, doctors, and psychological counselors. To ensure impartiality, members with conflicts of interest are recused from the case. Furthermore, while school staff (teachers or administrators) are not required to attend, they may provide statements if the committee deems their input necessary.

4. ν•™ν­μœ„μ˜ 성격: 학ꡐ νšŒμ˜κ°€ μ•„λ‹Œ ν–‰μ •μ‹¬μ˜

자체 해결이 μ–΄λ ΅λ‹€κ³  νŒλ‹¨λ˜λ©΄ 사건은 κ΅μœ‘μ§€μ›μ²­μœΌλ‘œ μ΄κ΄€λ˜κ³ , ν•™ν­μœ„ 개졜 μ ˆμ°¨κ°€ 본격적으둜 μ§„ν–‰λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. ν•™ν­μœ„λŠ” 학폭전담기ꡬ와 달리 학ꡐ가 μ£Όκ΄€ν•˜λŠ” 회의 정도가 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ, κ΅μœ‘μ§€μ›μ²­μ— μ„€μΉ˜λœ 곡식적인 ν–‰μ •μ‹¬μ˜μœ„μ›νšŒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.

학ꡐ폭λ ₯μ‹¬μ˜μœ„μ›νšŒλŠ” ν•™λΆ€λͺ¨ μœ„μ›μ„ 포함해 λ³€ν˜Έμ‚¬, κ²½μ°°, μ˜μ‚¬, 상담·심리 μ „λ¬Έκ°€ λ“± λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ λΆ„μ•Όμ˜ μ „λ¬Έκ°€λ“€λ‘œ κ΅¬μ„±λ˜λ©°, 사건 λ‹Ήμ‚¬μžμ™€ 이해관계가 μžˆλŠ” μœ„μ›μ€ λ°°μ œλ˜λŠ” μ œμ²™Β·κΈ°ν”ΌΒ·νšŒν”Ό μ œλ„λ„ 마련돼 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 또 ν•™ν­μœ„μ— 학ꡐ츑 κ΄€κ³„μž μΆœμ„μ΄ ν•„μˆ˜λŠ” μ•„λ‹ˆκ³ , 학ꡐ μΈ‘ κ΄€κ³„μž(ꡐ원, κ΄€λ¦¬μž λ“±)λŠ” μ‹¬μ˜μœ„μ›νšŒκ°€ ν•„μš”ν•˜λ‹€κ³  μΈμ •ν•˜λŠ” 경우 μ˜κ²¬μ„ μ§„μˆ ν•  수 있게 λ˜μ–΄μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.

5. What to Expect on the Day of the Deliberation

The deliberation follows a strict protocol: statements from the victim (and guardians), followed by the perpetrator (and guardians), committee questioning, and private internal deliberation. Statements should focus on factual accuracy and timelines rather than purely emotional appeals. The committee’s questions are designed to grasp the full context, persistence, and impact on the students involved. While the previously submitted investigation records form the basis of the decision, new evidence or arguments can be presented on the dayβ€”a process we highly recommend preparing for with professional legal counsel.

5. ν•™ν­μœ„ μ‹¬μ˜ 당일 μ§„ν–‰ 흐름

ν•™ν­μœ„ 당일 μ‹¬μ˜λŠ” 자유 토둠이 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ μ •ν•΄μ§„ μˆœμ„œμ— 따라 μ§„ν–‰λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. ν”Όν•΄ 학생(λ˜λŠ” 보호자) μ§„μˆ , κ°€ν•΄ 학생(λ˜λŠ” 보호자) μ§„μˆ , μœ„μ› 질의, λ‚΄λΆ€ μ‹¬μ˜ λ“±μ˜ μˆœμ„œλ‘œ μ΄μ–΄μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ§„μˆ  κ³Όμ •μ—μ„œλŠ” 감정적 ν˜Έμ†Œλ³΄λ‹€ μ‚¬κ±΄μ˜ 경과와 사싀관계가 쀑심이 되고, μœ„μ›λ“€μ˜ 질문 μ—­μ‹œ λ‹¨νŽΈμ μΈ 사싀 확인이 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ μ‚¬κ±΄μ˜ λ§₯락과 λ°˜λ³΅μ„±, ν•™μƒμ—κ²Œ 미친 영ν–₯을 μ’…ν•©μ μœΌλ‘œ νŒŒμ•…ν•˜λŠ” λ°©ν–₯으둜 μ΄λ£¨μ–΄μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€. 이미 제좜된 쑰사 μžλ£Œμ™€ μ§„μˆ  λ‚΄μš©μ΄ 핡심 νŒλ‹¨ κ·Όκ±°κ°€ 되기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ— ν•™ν­μœ„ 전에 일관성을 κ°€μ§€κ³  μ •λ¦¬ν–ˆλ˜ λ‚΄μš©μ„ μ–΄ν•„ν•˜λŠ” 것이 μ’‹κ² μ§€λ§Œ, ν•„μš”ν•œ 경우 ν•™ν­μœ„ 당일 μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μ£Όμž₯μ΄λ‚˜ 증거λ₯Ό μ œμ‹œν•˜λŠ” 것도 κ°€λŠ₯ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 이 경우 전문가와 μƒμ˜ν•˜μ—¬ μ€€λΉ„ν•˜κ³  μ§„ν–‰ν•˜μ‹œκΈ°λ₯Ό κΆŒν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

6. Post-Decision Procedures and Appeals

After deliberation, the committee determines specific protective measures for the victim and punitive/educational measures for the perpetrator. The decision is based on a comprehensive evaluation of:

  • Severity: The nature and intensity of the act.

  • Persistence: Whether the behavior was repetitive.

  • Intentionality: The degree of premeditation.

  • Remorse: The perpetrator’s attitude following the incident.

  • Reconciliation: The possibility of recovery and status of apologies. 

The final decision is delivered in writing. The school is legally bound to implement these measures, while the District Office oversees compliance. If you disagree with the outcome, you can pursue further legal remedies through administrative appeals or litigation. The committee ruling is not necessarily the end; it is often the baseline for subsequent legal actions.

6. ν•™ν­μœ„ 쑰치 κ²°μ • 이후 절차

μ‹¬μ˜κ°€ λλ‚˜λ©΄ ν•™ν­μœ„λŠ” ν”Όν•΄ 학생 보호 μ‘°μΉ˜μ™€ κ°€ν•΄ 학생 쑰치λ₯Ό 각각 κ²°μ •ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ΄λ•Œ ν–‰μœ„μ˜ 심각성, λ°˜λ³΅μ„±, κ³ μ˜μ„±, λ°˜μ„± 정도, ν™”ν•΄ κ°€λŠ₯μ„± λ“± μ—¬λŸ¬ μš”μ†Œκ°€ μ’…ν•©μ μœΌλ‘œ κ³ λ €λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 

  • 심각성: ν–‰μœ„μ˜ λ‚΄μš©κ³Ό 정도

  • 지속성: λ°˜λ³΅μ„±Β·μ§€μ†μ„± μ—¬λΆ€

  • κ³ μ˜μ„±

  • λ°˜μ„± 정도: κ°€ν•΄ ν•™μƒμ˜ 사후 νƒœλ„

  • ν™”ν•΄ 정도: 회볡 κ°€λŠ₯μ„±, ν”Όν•΄μžμ™€μ˜ ν™”ν•΄ μ—¬λΆ€

μ΅œμ’… 결정은 μ„œλ©΄μœΌλ‘œ ν†΅λ³΄λ˜λ©°, 학ꡐμž₯은 이λ₯Ό 이행할 μ˜λ¬΄κ°€ 있고 κ΅μœ‘μ§€μ›μ²­μ€ 이행 μ—¬λΆ€λ₯Ό κ΄€λ¦¬Β·κ°λ…ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ§Œμ•½ 이 쑰치 결과에 μ΄μ˜κ°€ μžˆλ‹€λ©΄ μž¬μ‹¬, ν–‰μ •μ‹¬νŒ, ν–‰μ •μ†Œμ†‘μœΌλ‘œ μ΄μ–΄κ°ˆ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. ν•™ν­μœ„λŠ” λͺ¨λ“  것을 λλ‚΄λŠ” μ ˆμ°¨κ°€ μ•„λ‹Œ, 이후 절차의 기쀀점이 λ˜λŠ” μ ˆμ°¨μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.

7. Outcome Success Depends on Your Current Strategy

A committee’s ruling is not decided by a single comment on the day of the hearing. It is the culmination of the evidence gathered and how effectively the key issues have been framed. While past procedural steps cannot be undone, you can still strategically design the future flow to prevent further disadvantage.

At the School Violence Center of SugarSquare Law & Advisors, our attorneysβ€”who have served as members of these very deliberation committeesβ€”provide direct consultations to identify critical points for your case. If the process feels overwhelming, we invite you to begin by methodically assessing what can be done at this very moment.

πŸ‡ΊπŸ‡Έ Realistic Q&A for Parents of Alleged Perpetrators Afraid of the School Violence Committee
πŸ‡ΊπŸ‡Έ Essential Q&A for Parents of School Violence Victims: Strategies to Protect Your Child

7. ν•™ν­μœ„ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό μ’Œμš°ν•˜λŠ” 건 β€˜μ§€κΈˆ λ‹¨κ³„μ—μ„œμ˜ λŒ€μ‘β€™

ν•™ν­μœ„ κ²°κ³ΌλŠ” μ‹¬μ˜ λ‹ΉμΌμ˜ 말 ν•œλ§ˆλ””λ‘œ μ’Œμ§€μš°μ§€λ˜μ§€ μ•Šκ³ , μ§€κΈˆκΉŒμ§€ μ–΄λ–€ 쑰사 μžλ£Œκ°€ μŒ“μ˜€λŠ”μ§€, 쟁점이 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 정리돼 μžˆλŠ”μ§€, 그리고 μ§€κΈˆ λ‹¨κ³„μ—μ„œ 무엇을 μ κ²€ν•˜κ³  λ³΄μ™„ν•˜λŠλƒμ— 따라 λ‹¬λΌμ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€. 이미 μ§€λ‚˜κ°„ 절차λ₯Ό 되돌릴 μˆ˜λŠ” μ—†μ§€λ§Œ, 이후 흐름을 더 λΆˆλ¦¬ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šκ²Œ μ„€κ³„ν•˜λŠ” 것은 μΆ©λΆ„νžˆ κ°€λŠ₯ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

법무법인 μŠˆκ°€μŠ€ν€˜μ–΄ ν•™ν­μ „λ‹΄μ„Όν„°λŠ” 학ꡐ폭λ ₯λŒ€μ±…μ‹¬μ˜μœ„μ›νšŒ μœ„μ› κ²½ν—˜μ„ κ°€μ§„ λ³€ν˜Έμ‚¬λ“€μ΄ 직접 상담에 μ°Έμ—¬ν•΄, ν˜„μž¬ λ‹¨κ³„μ—μ„œ κΌ­ 확인해야 ν•  핡심을 ν•¨κ»˜ μ •λ¦¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 학폭 절차 μ•žμ—μ„œ 막막함을 느끼고 κ³„μ‹œλ‹€λ©΄, μ§€κΈˆ 이 λ‹¨κ³„μ—μ„œ ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” 것뢀터 μ°¨λΆ„νžˆ 점검해보셔도 μ’‹κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.

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